Monday 2 February 2015

Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud



Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud  was the King of Saudi Arabia and Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques from 2005 to 2015. He ascended to the throne on 1 August 2005 upon the death of his half-brother, King Fahd.

Abdullah, like Fahd, was one of the many sons of Ibn Saud, the founder of modern Saudi Arabia. Abdullah held important political posts throughout most of his adult life. In 1961 he became mayor of Mecca, his first public office. The following year, he was appointed commander of the Saudi Arabian National Guard, a post he was still holding when he became king. He also served as deputy defense minister and was named crown prince when Fahd took the throne in 1982. After King Fahd suffered a serious stroke in 1995, Abdullah became the de facto ruler of Saudi Arabia until ascending the throne a decade later.

During his reign he maintained close relations with United States and Britain and bought billions of dollars worth of defense equipment from both states. He also gave women the right to vote for municipal councils and to compete in the Olympics. Furthermore, Abdullah maintained the status quo during the waves of protest in the kingdom during the Arab Spring. In November 2013, a BBC report claimed that Saudi Arabia could obtain nuclear weapons at will from Pakistan due to a longstanding relationship.

The King outlived two of his crown princes. Conservative Interior Minister Nayef bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud was named heir to the throne on the death of Sultan bin Abdulaziz in October 2011, but Nayef himself died in June 2012. Abdullah then named the 76-year-old defense minister, Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, as crown prince. According to various reports, Abdullah married about 30 times, and had more than 35 children. The king had a personal fortune estimated at US$18 billion, making him the third wealthiest head of state in the world. He died on 23 January 2015, aged 90, three weeks after being hospitalized for pneumonia.

Abdullah was born on 1 August 1924 in Riyadh. He was the tenth son of King Abdulaziz. His mother, Fahda bint Asi Al Shuraim, was a member of the Al Rashid dynasty, longtime rivals of the Al Saud dynasty. She was descended from the powerful Shammar tribe and was the daughter of former Shammar tribe chief Asi Shuraim. She died when Abdullah was six. He had younger full-sisters.

Madawi Al-Rasheed argues that his maternal roots and his experience of an early speech impediment led to delay in his rise to higher status among the other sons of King Abdulaziz.

In 1963, Abdullah was made commander of Saudi National Guard (SANG). This post allowed him to secure his position in the House of Saud. SANG, which had been based on the Ikhwan, became a modern army force under his command. Beginning by 1985, SANG also sponsors the Janadiriyah festival that institutionalized the traditional folk dances, camel races, and tribal heritage




King Khalid appointed Prince Abdullah as second deputy prime minister in March 1975, a reflection of being the second in line of succession to the Saudi throne. In other words, after this appointment, Prince Abdullah became the number three-man in Saudi administration. However, his appointment caused friction in the House of Saud. Then-crown prince Prince Fahd together with his full-brothers known as Sudairi Seven supported the appointment of their own full brother, Prince Sultan. Prince Abdullah was pressured to concede control of SANG in return for his appointment as Second Deputy Prime Minister. In August 1977, this caused a debate between hundreds of princes in Riyadh. Abdullah did not concede authority of SANG because he feared that would weaken his authority.

Sunday 1 February 2015

Kottumala Aboocker Musliyar, kottumala usthad


Kottumala Aboocker Musliyar  widely known in Sheikuna Kottumala, was the veteran leader of Samastha Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama and general secretary of Vidyabyasa Board, educational wing under the organization.
  He was born to Kunnali Haji- Fathima couple in 1918 at Peringotpulam village near Malappuram. He studied his primary classes at his native land, and later went to Parappanangadi Panayathil Darse (masjid based college) under Maulana Abdul Ali Musliyar, then celebrated expert in classical text. By 1943, he completed his post-graduation in Islamic classical text from Vellore Baqiyath Swalihath. He tied the knot with Fathima, the daughter of Komu usthad and was blessed with two daughter and a son. Bappu Musliyar, the active member of Samastha is his son.
   After post-graduation, he commenced a Darse (masjid based college) in Kottumala of Oorkam village with three student and later the institution became famous by arrival of new students like MM Basheer Musliyar and EK Hasan Musliyar. In 1956, he was appointed as chief Mudarris ( religious mentor) in Parappanangadi Panayathil Masjid and was the founder Mudarris of Pattikad Jamiya Nooria, the reputed Arabic college in Malabar region established 1963. He rendered his service as principal in Pattikad Jamiya Nooria during period of 1977 to 1987. He was accompanied by Shamsul Ulama and Pati Musliyar in his anti-dissident operation. In 1951, he was joined in Msuhavara board (consultation body) of Samastha Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama and continued the post until his demise. In February 23, 1957, he was elected as general secretary of Samastha Kerala Mata Vidyabyasa Board, the largest private education agency in Kerala and continued the post until his demise.

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